Java线程池ThreadPoolExecutor常见拒绝策略RejectedExecutionHandler详解

编程教程 > Java (36) 2025-01-22 09:16:57

ThreadPoolExecutor 实现的拒绝策略有以下几种

AbortPolicy
DiscardPolicy
DiscardOldestPolicy
CallerRunsPolicy

ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy

该策略是线程池的默认策略。使用该策略时，如果线程池队列满了丢掉这个任务并且抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。源码参考

    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }
    }

ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy

这个策略和AbortPolicy的静默版本，如果线程池队列满了，会直接丢掉这个任务并且不会有任何异常。源码如下：

    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

内部啥也没做直接丢掉任务。

ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy

这个策略从字面上也很好理解，丢弃最老的。也就是说如果队列满了，会将最早进入队列的任务删掉腾出空间，再尝试加入队列。
因为队列是队尾进，队头出，所以队头元素是最老的，因此每次都是移除对头元素后再尝试入队。
源码如下：

    public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy

使用此策略，如果添加到线程池失败，那么主线程会自己去执行该任务，不会等待线程池中的线程去执行。就像是个急脾气的人，我等不到别人来做这件事就干脆自己干。源码如下：

    public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

如果以上还不能满足需求可以选择实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口自定义策略，入参就是任务和当前线程池对象。接口源码参考：

public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {

    /**
     * Method that may be invoked by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} when
     * {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#execute execute} cannot accept a
     * task.  This may occur when no more threads or queue slots are
     * available because their bounds would be exceeded, or upon
     * shutdown of the Executor.
     *
     * <p>In the absence of other alternatives, the method may throw
     * an unchecked {@link RejectedExecutionException}, which will be
     * propagated to the caller of {@code execute}.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}