pvesm - PVE存储管理命令
pvesm 说明
pvesm 是 Proxmox VE (PVE) 中用于管理存储的命令行工具。
Proxmox VE 是一个开源的服务器虚拟化管理平台，支持 KVM 虚拟机和 LXC 容器。pvesm 命令允许你从终端对 PVE 的存储系统进行各种操作。
pvesm 的主要功能
添加存储 (
add)- 可以添加不同类型的存储，如：
dir(目录),lvm,lvmthin,iscsi,nfs,cifs,rbd(Ceph RBD) 等。 示例: 添加一个 NFS 存储
pvesm add nfs <storage_id> --server <nfs_server_ip> --export <nfs_export_path> --options vers=4这会将一个 NFS 共享添加到 PVE 的存储列表中，ID 为
<storage_id>。
- 可以添加不同类型的存储，如：
删除存储 (
remove或rm)- 删除已配置的存储。注意: 删除前必须确保该存储上没有正在使用的磁盘或备份。
示例:
bash
编辑pvesm remove <storage_id>
列出存储 (
list)- 显示当前 PVE 集群中所有已配置的存储。
示例:
pvesm list <storage_id>pvesm list r5root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5# pvesm list r5 Volid Format Type Size VMID r5:vm-110-disk-0 raw images 34359738368 110 root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5#
获取存储信息 (
status)- 查看特定存储的状态和使用情况（如总空间、已用空间等）。
示例:
pvesm statusroot@pve:/dev/zvol/r5# pvesm status Name Type Status Total Used Available % local dir active 29106188 5606472 21995872 19.26% local-lvm lvmthin active 27783168 0 27783168 0.00% r5 zfspool active 40265280 34083581 6181698 84.65% root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5#
路径转换 (
path)- 将 PVE 的存储语法（例如
local:100/vm-100-disk-0.qcow2）转换为实际的文件系统路径。 示例:
pvesm path r5:vm-110-disk-0root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5# pvesm path r5:vm-110-disk-0 /dev/zvol/r5/vm-110-disk-0 root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5#
- 将 PVE 的存储语法（例如
其他命令
root@pve:/dev/zvol/r5# pvesm help USAGE: pvesm add <type> <storage> [OPTIONS] 添加一个新存储 <type> <btrfs | cephfs | cifs | dir | esxi | iscsi | iscsidirect | lvm | lvmthin | nfs | pbs | rbd | zfs | zfspool> 存储类型. <storage> <storage ID> 存储ID，唯一. --authsupported <string> Authsupported. --base <string> Base volume. This volume is automatically activated. --blocksize <string> block size --bwlimit [clone=<LIMIT>] [,default=<LIMIT>] [,migration=<LIMIT>] [,move=<LIMIT>] [,restore=<LIMIT>] Set I/O bandwidth limit for various operations (in KiB/s). --comstar_hg <string> host group for comstar views --comstar_tg <string> target group for comstar views --content <string> Allowed content types. NOTE: the value 'rootdir' is used for Containers, and value 'images' for VMs. --content-dirs <string> Overrides for default content type directories. --create-base-path <boolean> (default=yes) Create the base directory if it doesn't exist. --create-subdirs <boolean> (default=yes) Populate the directory with the default structure. --data-pool <string> Data Pool (for erasure coding only) --datastore <string> Proxmox Backup Server datastore name. --disable <boolean> Flag to disable the storage. --domain <string> CIFS domain. --encryption-key a file containing an encryption key, or the special value "autogen" Encryption key. Use 'autogen' to generate one automatically without passphrase. --export <string> NFS export path. --fingerprint ([A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){31}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2} Certificate SHA 256 fingerprint. --format <qcow2 | raw | subvol | vmdk> Default image format. --fs-name <string> The Ceph filesystem name. --fuse <boolean> Mount CephFS through FUSE. --is_mountpoint <string> (default=no) Assume the given path is an externally managed mountpoint and consider the storage offline if it is not mounted. Using a boolean (yes/no) value serves as a shortcut to using the target path in this field. --iscsiprovider <string> iscsi provider --keyring file containing the keyring to authenticate in the Ceph cluster Client keyring contents (for external clusters). --krbd <boolean> (default=0) Always access rbd through krbd kernel module. --lio_tpg <string> target portal group for Linux LIO targets --master-pubkey a file containing a PEM-formatted master public key Base64-encoded, PEM-formatted public RSA key. Used to encrypt a copy of the encryption-key which will be added to each encrypted backup. --max-protected-backups <integer> (-1 - N) (default=Unlimited for users with Datastore.Allocate privilege, 5 for other users) Maximal number of protected backups per guest. Use '-1' for unlimited. --mkdir <boolean> (default=yes) Create the directory if it doesn't exist and populate it with default sub-dirs. NOTE: Deprecated, use the 'create-base-path' and 'create-subdirs' options instead. --monhost <string> IP addresses of monitors (for external clusters). --mountpoint <string> mount point --namespace <string> Namespace. --nocow <boolean> (default=0) Set the NOCOW flag on files. Disables data checksumming and causes data errors to be unrecoverable from while allowing direct I/O. Only use this if data does not need to be any more safe than on a single ext4 formatted disk with no underlying raid system. --nodes <string> List of nodes for which the storage configuration applies. --nowritecache <boolean> disable write caching on the target --options <string> NFS/CIFS mount options (see 'man nfs' or 'man mount.cifs') --password <password> Password for accessing the share/datastore. --path <string> File system path. --pool <string> Pool. --port <integer> (1 - 65535) Use this port to connect to the storage instead of the default one (for example, with PBS or ESXi). For NFS and CIFS, use the 'options' option to configure the port via the mount options. --portal <string> iSCSI portal (IP or DNS name with optional port). --preallocation <falloc | full | metadata | off> (default=metadata) Preallocation mode for raw and qcow2 images. Using 'metadata' on raw images results in preallocation=off. --prune-backups [keep-all=<1|0>] [,keep-daily=<N>] [,keep-hourly=<N>] [,keep-last=<N>] [,keep-monthly=<N>] [,keep-weekly=<N>] [,keep-yearly=<N>] The retention options with shorter intervals are processed first with --keep-last being the very first one. Each option covers a specific period of time. We say that backups within this period are covered by this option. The next option does not take care of already covered backups and only considers older backups. --saferemove <boolean> Zero-out data when removing LVs. --saferemove_throughput <string> Wipe throughput (cstream -t parameter value). --server <string> Server IP or DNS name. --share <string> CIFS share. --shared <boolean> Indicate that this is a single storage with the same contents on all nodes (or all listed in the 'nodes' option). It will not make the contents of a local storage automatically accessible to other nodes, it just marks an already shared storage as such! --skip-cert-verification <boolean> (default=false) Disable TLS certificate verification, only enable on fully trusted networks! --smbversion <2.0 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.0 | 3.11 | default> (default=default) SMB protocol version. 'default' if not set, negotiates the highest SMB2+ version supported by both the client and server. --snapshot-as-volume-chain <boolean> (default=0) Enable support for creating storage-vendor agnostic snapshot through volume backing-chains. --sparse <boolean> use sparse volumes --subdir <string> Subdir to mount. --tagged_only <boolean> Only use logical volumes tagged with 'pve-vm-ID'. --target <string> iSCSI target. --thinpool <string> LVM thin pool LV name. --username <string> RBD Id. --vgname <string> Volume group name. --zfs-base-path <string> Base path where to look for the created ZFS block devices. Set automatically during creation if not specified. Usually '/dev/zvol'. USAGE: pvesm alloc <storage> <vmid> <filename> <size> [OPTIONS] Allocate disk images. <storage> <storage ID> The storage identifier. <vmid> <integer> (100 - 999999999) Specify owner VM <filename> <string> The name of the file to create. <size> \d+[MG]? Size in kilobyte (1024 bytes). Optional suffixes 'M' (megabyte, 1024K) and 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M) --format <qcow2 | raw | subvol | vmdk> Format of the image. Requires option(s): size USAGE: pvesm apiinfo Returns APIVER and APIAGE. USAGE: pvesm export <volume> <format> <filename> [OPTIONS] Used internally to export a volume. <volume> <string> Volume identifier <format> <btrfs | qcow2+size | raw+size | tar+size | vmdk+size | zfs> Export stream format <filename> <string> Destination file name --base (?^i:[a-z0-9_\-]{1,40}) Snapshot to start an incremental stream from --snapshot (?^i:[a-z0-9_\-]{1,40}) Snapshot to export --snapshot-list <string> Ordered list of snapshots to transfer --with-snapshots <boolean> (default=0) Whether to include intermediate snapshots in the stream USAGE: pvesm extractconfig <volume> Extract configuration from vzdump backup archive. <volume> <string> Volume identifier USAGE: pvesm free <volume> [OPTIONS] Delete volume <volume> <string> Volume identifier --delay <integer> (1 - 30) Time to wait for the task to finish. We return 'null' if the task finish within that time. --storage <storage ID> The storage identifier. USAGE: pvesm help [<extra-args>] [OPTIONS] Get help about specified command. <extra-args> <array> Shows help for a specific command --verbose <boolean> Verbose output format. USAGE: pvesm import <volume> <format> <filename> [OPTIONS] Used internally to import a volume. <volume> <string> Volume identifier <format> <btrfs | qcow2+size | raw+size | tar+size | vmdk+size | zfs> Import stream format <filename> <string> Source file name. For '-' stdin is used, the tcp://<IP-or-CIDR> format allows to use a TCP connection, the unix://PATH-TO-SOCKET format a UNIX socket as input.Else, the file is treated as common file. --allow-rename <boolean> (default=0) Choose a new volume ID if the requested volume ID already exists, instead of throwing an error. --base (?^i:[a-z0-9_\-]{1,40}) Base snapshot of an incremental stream --delete-snapshot (?^i:[a-z0-9_\-]{1,80}) A snapshot to delete on success --snapshot (?^i:[a-z0-9_\-]{1,40}) The current-state snapshot if the stream contains snapshots --with-snapshots <boolean> (default=0) Whether the stream includes intermediate snapshots USAGE: pvesm list <storage> [OPTIONS] List storage content. <storage> <storage ID> The storage identifier. --content <string> Only list content of this type. --vmid <integer> (100 - 999999999) Only list images for this VM USAGE: pvesm path <volume> Get filesystem path for specified volume <volume> <string> Volume identifier USAGE: pvesm prune-backups <storage> [OPTIONS] Prune backups. Only those using the standard naming scheme are considered. If no keep options are specified, those from the storage configuration are used. <storage> <storage ID> The storage identifier. --dry-run <boolean> Only show what would be pruned, don't delete anything. --keep-all <boolean> Keep all backups. Conflicts with the other options when true. --keep-daily <N> Keep backups for the last <N> different days. If there is morethan one backup for a single day, only the latest one is kept. --keep-hourly <N> Keep backups for the last <N> different hours. If there is morethan one backup for a single hour, only the latest one is kept. --keep-last <N> Keep the last <N> backups. --keep-monthly <N> Keep backups for the last <N> different months. If there is morethan one backup for a single month, only the latest one is kept. --keep-weekly <N> Keep backups for the last <N> different weeks. If there is morethan one backup for a single week, only the latest one is kept. --keep-yearly <N> Keep backups for the last <N> different years. If there is morethan one backup for a single year, only the latest one is kept. --type <lxc | qemu> Either 'qemu' or 'lxc'. Only consider backups for guests of this type. --vmid <integer> (100 - 999999999) Only consider backups for this guest. USAGE: pvesm remove <storage> Delete storage configuration. <storage> <storage ID> The storage identifier. USAGE: pvesm scan cifs <server> [OPTIONS] Scan remote CIFS server. <server> <string> The server address (name or IP). --domain <string> SMB domain (Workgroup). --password <password> User password. --username <string> User name. USAGE: pvesm scan iscsi <portal> Scan remote iSCSI server. <portal> <string> The iSCSI portal (IP or DNS name with optional port). USAGE: pvesm scan lvm List local LVM volume groups. USAGE: pvesm scan lvmthin <vg> List local LVM Thin Pools. <vg> [a-zA-Z0-9\.\+\_][a-zA-Z0-9\.\+\_\-]+ no description available USAGE: pvesm scan nfs <server> Scan remote NFS server. <server> <string> The server address (name or IP). USAGE: pvesm scan pbs <server> <username> --password <string> [OPTIONS] [FORMAT_OPTIONS] Scan remote Proxmox Backup Server. <server> <string> The server address (name or IP). <username> <string> User-name or API token-ID. --fingerprint ([A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){31}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2} Certificate SHA 256 fingerprint. --password <string> User password or API token secret. --port <integer> (1 - 65535) (default=8007) Optional port. USAGE: pvesm scan zfs Scan zfs pool list on local node. USAGE: pvesm set <storage> [OPTIONS] Update storage configuration. <storage> <storage ID> The storage identifier. --blocksize <string> block size --bwlimit [clone=<LIMIT>] [,default=<LIMIT>] [,migration=<LIMIT>] [,move=<LIMIT>] [,restore=<LIMIT>] Set I/O bandwidth limit for various operations (in KiB/s). --comstar_hg <string> host group for comstar views --comstar_tg <string> target group for comstar views --content <string> Allowed content types. NOTE: the value 'rootdir' is used for Containers, and value 'images' for VMs. --content-dirs <string> Overrides for default content type directories. --create-base-path <boolean> (default=yes) Create the base directory if it doesn't exist. --create-subdirs <boolean> (default=yes) Populate the directory with the default structure. --data-pool <string> Data Pool (for erasure coding only) --delete <string> A list of settings you want to delete. --digest <string> Prevent changes if current configuration file has a different digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent modifications. --disable <boolean> Flag to disable the storage. --domain <string> CIFS domain. --encryption-key a file containing an encryption key, or the special value "autogen" Encryption key. Use 'autogen' to generate one automatically without passphrase. --fingerprint ([A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){31}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2} Certificate SHA 256 fingerprint. --format <qcow2 | raw | subvol | vmdk> Default image format. --fs-name <string> The Ceph filesystem name. --fuse <boolean> Mount CephFS through FUSE. --is_mountpoint <string> (default=no) Assume the given path is an externally managed mountpoint and consider the storage offline if it is not mounted. Using a boolean (yes/no) value serves as a shortcut to using the target path in this field. --keyring file containing the keyring to authenticate in the Ceph cluster Client keyring contents (for external clusters). --krbd <boolean> (default=0) Always access rbd through krbd kernel module. --lio_tpg <string> target portal group for Linux LIO targets --master-pubkey a file containing a PEM-formatted master public key Base64-encoded, PEM-formatted public RSA key. Used to encrypt a copy of the encryption-key which will be added to each encrypted backup. --max-protected-backups <integer> (-1 - N) (default=Unlimited for users with Datastore.Allocate privilege, 5 for other users) Maximal number of protected backups per guest. Use '-1' for unlimited. --mkdir <boolean> (default=yes) Create the directory if it doesn't exist and populate it with default sub-dirs. NOTE: Deprecated, use the 'create-base-path' and 'create-subdirs' options instead. --monhost <string> IP addresses of monitors (for external clusters). --mountpoint <string> mount point --namespace <string> Namespace. --nocow <boolean> (default=0) Set the NOCOW flag on files. Disables data checksumming and causes data errors to be unrecoverable from while allowing direct I/O. Only use this if data does not need to be any more safe than on a single ext4 formatted disk with no underlying raid system. --nodes <string> List of nodes for which the storage configuration applies. --nowritecache <boolean> disable write caching on the target --options <string> NFS/CIFS mount options (see 'man nfs' or 'man mount.cifs') --password <password> Password for accessing the share/datastore. --pool <string> Pool. --port <integer> (1 - 65535) Use this port to connect to the storage instead of the default one (for example, with PBS or ESXi). For NFS and CIFS, use the 'options' option to configure the port via the mount options. --preallocation <falloc | full | metadata | off> (default=metadata) Preallocation mode for raw and qcow2 images. Using 'metadata' on raw images results in preallocation=off. --prune-backups [keep-all=<1|0>] [,keep-daily=<N>] [,keep-hourly=<N>] [,keep-last=<N>] [,keep-monthly=<N>] [,keep-weekly=<N>] [,keep-yearly=<N>] The retention options with shorter intervals are processed first with --keep-last being the very first one. Each option covers a specific period of time. We say that backups within this period are covered by this option. The next option does not take care of already covered backups and only considers older backups. --saferemove <boolean> Zero-out data when removing LVs. --saferemove_throughput <string> Wipe throughput (cstream -t parameter value). --server <string> Server IP or DNS name. --shared <boolean> Indicate that this is a single storage with the same contents on all nodes (or all listed in the 'nodes' option). It will not make the contents of a local storage automatically accessible to other nodes, it just marks an already shared storage as such! --skip-cert-verification <boolean> (default=false) Disable TLS certificate verification, only enable on fully trusted networks! --smbversion <2.0 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.0 | 3.11 | default> (default=default) SMB protocol version. 'default' if not set, negotiates the highest SMB2+ version supported by both the client and server. --snapshot-as-volume-chain <boolean> (default=0) Enable support for creating storage-vendor agnostic snapshot through volume backing-chains. --sparse <boolean> use sparse volumes --subdir <string> Subdir to mount. --tagged_only <boolean> Only use logical volumes tagged with 'pve-vm-ID'. --username <string> RBD Id. --zfs-base-path <string> Base path where to look for the created ZFS block devices. Set automatically during creation if not specified. Usually '/dev/zvol'. USAGE: pvesm status [OPTIONS] Get status for all datastores. --content <string> Only list stores which support this content type. --enabled <boolean> (default=0) Only list stores which are enabled (not disabled in config). --format <boolean> (default=0) Include information about formats --storage <storage ID> Only list status for specified storage --target <string> If target is different to 'node', we only lists shared storages which content is accessible on this 'node' and the specified 'target' node.
https://blog.xqlee.com/article/2510131118197723.html
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